Thursday, 13 March 2014

Mask Dances



The Chham Festival at Spiti Valley



Watching the Chham in Spiti, you feel the Occasion applies strongly to a person who believes in keeping his Wish List of “A 100 Must Things To Do Before You Die”….the charm of the valley, its people and the rarity of the occasion add to the fervor. Spiti by itself is inaccessible and hardly frequented by a casual tourist with no proper accommodation and infrastructure. And the festival herein occurs once a year during the month of July. So you either need a stroke of good luck or precise planning to be there. The Key Monastery where it takes place is Tibetan in its origin located close to the village of Kaza.
 
 
This dance form originated in the 10th century, when it was performed first to kill the local king Lang Darma of Tibet. The king had usurped the throne by murdering his brother who was a devout Buddhist. Lang Darma was a sworn enemy of Buddhism and the monks used to call him the Demon King. The persecution of Buddhist monks went beyond limits since the Monks were aware about the devilish propensities of the king. Sick of the constant reprisals the monks decided to kill the king using the dance concept. The king was invited for the performance and when he arrived, the monks began dancing around him. As the dance and the music reached a crescendo, one of the Monks managed to slay the king before fleeing from the spot.





 
Within the Key Gompa, there is a small Open Stadium where this was being conducted but it was rather small to house all the people who had gathered. So we could see people perched on Trees, Windows and Walls to get the best view of the proceedings. Though locals were in majority, there were also a handful of foreign tourists and a few Media persons. The ceremony was presided by the Head Lama and other Monks, reciting from the Holy Scriptures to the accompaniment of musical instruments. The dance began in small rhythmic movements to the beat of drums, Cymbals, Trumpets and Conch Shells as it gradually reached its climax


 



The masks represent negative elements like Ogres, Devils and Skeletons, which are believed to be waiting for the soul of the dead. Bright colors like Red, Blue, Yellow, Green, Black and White are used in the silk costumes. The masks and costumes are made by the Lamas themselves, according to the religious customs. The performance is interspersed with intervals, allowing the dancers to change their costumes.





 
 

The ritual lasts for 2 – 3 hours and is a treat for Shutterbugs with never a moment being missed. As pantomime battles follow rhythmically between the forces of good and evil, the battle reaches its climax with the Evil being killed with a ceremonial dagger


 
 

Once the elaborate ceremony comes to a conclusion, the entire assembly of Monks who had participated in the proceedings leave the Courtyard in a procession. As they circumambulate the Monastery, the gathered crowd prostrate as the procession moves on.





It is believed that the Chham also exorcises evil spirits and demons. The theme of killing the evil king, symbolizes natural calamities, diseases, epidemics and the evil tendencies in human beings.
 



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